MATERIAL USED IN CLASSES
INFORMATION USED IN DIDACTICS CLASSES
INTERESTING SKILL
Listening skills:
Listening skills
are vital for your learners. Of the 'four skills,' listening is by far the most
frequently used. Listening and speaking are often taught together, but
beginners, especially non-literate ones, should be given more listening than
speaking practice. It's important to speak as close to natural speed as
possible, although with beginners some slowing is usually necessary. Good
listening lessons go beyond the listening task itself with related activities
before and after the listening. Here is the basic structure:
- Before Listening
Prepare your learners by introducing the topic
and finding out what they already know about it. A good way to do this is
to have a brainstorming session and some discussion questions related to
the topic.
- During Listening
Be specific about what students need to listen
for. They can listen for selective details or general content, or for an
emotional tone such as happy, surprised, or angry
- After Listening
Finish with an activity to extend the topic
and help students remember new vocabulary. This could be a discussion
group, craft project, writing task, game, etc.
Teaching Speaking
Speaking English is the main goal of many adult
learners. Their personalities play a large role in determining how quickly and
how correctly they will accomplish this goal. Those who are risk-takers
unafraid of making mistakes will generally be more talkative, but with many
errors that could become hard-to-break habits. Conservative, shy students may
take a long time to speak confidently, but when they do, their English often
contains fewer errors and they will be proud of their English ability.
Here are some ideas to keep in mind as you plan
your speaking activities.
- Content
As much as possible, the content should be
practical and usable in real-life situations. Avoid too much new
vocabulary or grammar, and focus on speaking with the language the
students have.
- Correcting Errors
You need to provide appropriate feedback and
correction, but don't interrupt the flow of communication. Take notes
while pairs or groups are talking and address problems to the class after
the activity without embarrassing the student who made the error. You can
write the error on the board and ask who can correct it.
- Quantity vs. Quality
Address both interactive fluency and accuracy,
striving foremost for communication. Get to know each learner's
personality and encourage the quieter ones to take more risks.
Teaching Reading
We encounter a great variety of written language day
to day -- articles, stories, poems, announcements, letters, labels, signs,
bills, recipes, schedules, questionnaires, cartoons, the list is endless.
Literate adults easily recognize the distinctions of various types of texts.
iating ('hey,' 'so,' 'by the way').
Teaching Writing
Good writing conveys a meaningful message and uses
English well, but the message is more important than correct presentation. If
you can understand the message or even part of it, your student has succeeded
in communicating on paper and should be praised for that. For many adult ESL
learners, writing skills will not be used much outside your class.
Teaching Grammar
Grammar is often
named as a subject difficult to teach. Its technical language and complex rules
can be intimidating. Teaching a good grammar lesson is one thing, but what if
you're in the middle of a reading or speaking activity and a student has a
grammar question? Some students may have studied grammar in their home
countries and be surprised that you don't understand, "Does passive voice
always need the past participle?" But even if your student's question is
simple and jargon-free, explaining grammar.
Teaching Pronunciation
Pronunciation involves far more than individual
sounds. Word stress, sentence stress, intonation, and word linking all
influence the sound of spoken English, not to mention the way we often slur
words and phrases together in casual speech. ammar is a skill you will need to
acquire through practice.
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